Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE or EoE) generally occurs as an allergic reaction to food or environmental allergens. It causes the esophagus to become inflamed or narrow due to a build-up of eosinophils (a type of white blood cell). Eosinophilic esophagitis falls under the category of chronic immune system diseases. Although it can affect anybody, those with other allergic conditions, like hay fever, eczema, and asthma, are more likely to develop it.
Common signs in adults
Every person with the condition experiences different signs and symptoms. Some common ones among adults include:
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
As the esophageal tube becomes narrow and inflamed, swallowing can become difficult. This can, in turn, lead to impaction, where food, especially solids, gets stuck in the throat. In rare cases, food stuck in the esophageal tube may require an emergency removal. - Chest pain
Those with eosinophilic esophagitis also complain of chest pain, generally beginning behind the breastbone. This pain may be associated with other symptoms, such as acid reflux or regurgitation (backflow of undigested food), which are common in another condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). If the symptoms do not reduce even after GERD treatment, it may be a sign to get checked for eosinophilic esophagitis. - Abdominal pain
Eosinophilic esophagitis is a major digestive system illness that may also cause abdominal pain. The intensity of this ache varies from one individual to another. - Hoarseness and cough
Over time, chronic inflammation in the esophageal region may result in hoarseness and trigger bouts of coughing, especially at night.
Common signs in children
Among children, the symptoms may include:
- Irritability as a result of constant aches and pains
- Difficulty feeding (for infants) and eating (for toddlers and older children)
- Nausea and vomiting caused by certain trigger foods
- Abdominal pain
- Dysphagia
- Impaction
- Failure to thrive, denoted by poor growth and/or malnutrition
Individuals must visit the doctor immediately if they experience any of the common signs of eosinophilic esophagitis severely or frequently. A good rule of thumb is to make an appointment if one needs to reach for alternative treatment options for heartburn twice or more per week. The doctor will diagnose the condition by upper endoscopy and biopsy and suggest treatment options and lifestyle changes accordingly.
